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Thick lacustrine sedimentary sequence in Christie Arm, Canada, suggests a dynamic subglacial paleolake beneath Laurentide Ice Sheet

Tulaczyk, Slawek 1 ; Christoffersen, Poul 2 ; Wattrus, Nigel 3

1 Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz
2 Scott Polar Research Center, University of Cambridge
3 Large Lake Observatory, University of Minnesota, Duluth

Sedimentary archives contained in subglacial lakes provide the opportunity to understand temporal dynamics of hydrological, geological, and biological processes beneath ice sheets. Here, we show preliminary results from a geophysical cruise to Christie Arm, NE Great Slave Lake, NWT, Canada. This lake basin reaches water depth of >600 m, with the modern basin floor lying ~500 m.b.s.l. Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) indicate that the basin was located near the center of the Keewatin Ice Dome and was likely covered by ~4 km of ice. The significant depth of the basin, as well as its proximity to the ice dome, makes it an excellent candidate for a subglacial paleo-lake. Seismic surveys performed with airgun, boomer, and chirp tools in summer of 2005 and 2006 show that the deepest part of Christie Arm, below ~600 m, contains a basin fill that reaches thickness of >150 meters (~0.2 s TWT). The basin fill consists of seismically transparent and internally layered material, with internal layers showing evidence of significant compaction. We interpret this unit as lacustrine material because these seismic characteristics are consistent with compressible silt and/or clay deposited in a low energy sedimentary environment. The basin fill overlies a seismic facies interpreted as glacial till and is itself overlain by ~20-m-thick relatively continu-ous sedimentary drape. Internal seismic characteristics of the sedimentary drape are similar to those of the basin fill unit and it is also interpreted as lacustrine in origin. In water shallower than ~500 to 600 m, the lacustrine drape is located directly over the glacial till facies. We interpret the sedimentary drape as lacustrine deposit formed in a proglacial setting, which persisted in the area for ~1,000 years after ice margin retreated at ~10,000 years BP. Correlation of short sediment cores with our chirp record indicates that non-glacial Holocene deposition resulted in a layer of sediment that is typically thinner than a few meters. The thick basin fill is interpreted as subglacial lake deposit and it suggests that the proposed subglacial paleo-lake Christie was a dynamic environment with relatively fast input of detrital material, high throughput of subglacial water, and comparatively short water residence times.