Stable vs. Unstable Snowpacks

Photograph of unstable snow structure with weaker snow at the bottom of the snow profile and stronger/denser snow above Having a slab on a weak layer that’s on top of a good sliding surface constitutes an unstable snowpack, the kind most prone to avalanching. An unstable snowpack contains both weak and strong snow layers. A weak layer consists of poorly bonded or unconsolidated snow, while a strong snow layer has well consolidated snow, such as a slab.

A stable snowpack is generally more homogeneous and lacks significant density differences throughout the pack. It can contain:

  • Snow that’s all strong
  • Snow that’s all weak
  • A layer of weak snow on top of a layer of strong snow

Over time, the bonds between weak layers and slabs may strengthen, stabilizing the pack. A stable snowpack is not prone to avalanching.