see Hotspot Overview (pdf, 400k) & Hotspot website: https://www.cepf.net/our-work/biodiversity-hotspots

• by ship - Greenland - Baffin Bay & Lancaster Sound (Canada) - Nares Strait (80degN), 2018

• by ship - California-Hawaii-Japan-Hong Kong-Vietnam, 2006

• by boat - Galápagos Is. (Ecuador), 2002
• by sea kayak & ferry - Yasawa Islands (Fiji), 2019

• by ship - Mediterranean Sea: Egypt - Turkey - Croatia - Straits of Gibraltar - Spain, 2006
• by ship - Cádiz (Spain) - Florida, 2006

• by ship - South Georgia - Falkland Is (Islas Malvinas) - Ushuaia (Argentina), 2017

• by ship - Vietnam - Singapore - Malacca Strait - Burma - Chennai (India) - Sri Lanka - Red Sea, 2006

• by ship - Drake's Passage - Antarctic Peninsula - Scotia Sea - South Georgia I., 2017

Sonoran desert ecosystems

Altiplano terrestrial (puna) and limnetic (Lago Titicaca, salars) environments.

Atacama Desert
Montane and high elevation Andean (puna, páramo) environments.

Iguazu Falls National Parks, Argentina & Brazil
Patagonia coastal desert, Argentina

Chilean.Winter.Rainfall -Valdivian Forests

Atlantic Forest

PR 

Cold temperate grasslands to boreal forests of Manitoba, Canada.
Mountain ecosystems of Alberta, Canada. 

Temperate to arctic ecosystems of Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Sweden. 
Temperate highland and maritime ecosystems of Scotland and England.  Sept 1977.

Southern beech forests, semi-arid shrublands, and subantarctic grasslands and bogs of Patagonia

Alaskan arctic and subarctic tundra, and boreal forest.

Southwest Australia

Sundaland

Atlantic Forest reserves (states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo)
Pantanal and Cerrado ecosystems (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul)
Araucária reserves (Paraná). 

Cerrado

Foothill to high-elevation environments of the Himalaya.

Transect from: Namaqualand and Karoo deserts, Cape Mediterranean scrub to Afromontane forests and subtropical grasslands and savannas of South Africa.

Maputaland-Pondoland -Albany

Succulent Karoo

Tropical highland ecosystems of Zimbabwe, Tanzania (including Mt. Kilimanjaro), and Kenya.

Transect through the Icelandic Rift.  Subarctic grasslands, tundra, and birch woodlands.

Cuban Bird Conservation and Natural Areas Workshop.  Natural Areas Association.  Nov 2001.  (Under humanitarian project license from US Dept of the Treasury.) 

Conservation reserves and national parks of western Cuba -
           Matanzas, Pinar del Río, and Havana provinces

Instructor. Columbia University and Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil.  July-Aug 2002. 

Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) and adjacent environments, State of São Paulo. 

Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve.

Reserva Ecológica do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), DF
RPPN Fazenda Vaga Fogo Boa Vista and other reserves, Pirenópolis, Goiás
   [RPPN = Reservas Particular do Patrimônio Natural (Natural Hertitage Private Reserves)]

Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia – Campo Rupestre and Caatinga subtropical ecosystems. 
North-coast Atlantic Forest and Restinga (sand plain forest/shrublands), Bahia

Parque Nacional da Serra da Caprivara, Piauí – Caatinga
Parque Nacional Sete Ciudades, Piauí – Caatinga/Cerrado
Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Ceará – Montane humid forest (=northern limit of Atlantic Forest)

Arquipélago de Anavilhanas Ecological Reserve, Amazônas – Rio Negro island and channel complex.
Roraima landscapes – Lavrado (Amazonian savana)

Lead Instructor.  Columbia University and Punta Cana Biodiversity Laboratory, Puna Cana, Dominican Republic.  May-July 2005.

Punta Cana Marine Reserve & vicinity – Caribbean coral reef, Caribbean dry/semihumid coastal forest
Parque Nacional del Este – Caribbean dry/semihumid coastal forest
Reserva Cientifica Laguna Redonda & vicinity (Miches) – Caribbean coral reef
Ebano Verde Ecological Station – Caribbean highlands cloud forest

Luquillo Mountains, Caribbean National Forest – Caribbean highland tropical rain forest
Isla Culebra – Caribbean dry coastal woodland/scrubland,  Caribbean coral reef 

. COURSE INFO

Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) and adjacent environments, State of São Paulo

Parque Nacional Lagoa do Peixe – Coastal strand & estuarian ecosystems
Parques Nacionais Aparados da Serra & Serra Geral – 
   Araucária Forest, southern limit Atlantic Forest, Campos & Elfin Woodland complex
A Frontera (borderlands with Uruguay) – Pampas

Hawaii, USA

Institute for Shipboard Education, Charlottesville, VA.  August-December 2006. 

TEACHING EXPERIENCE  |VOYAGE ITINERARY

            Pacific Island lee & windward ecosystems, Oahu, HI.  Sept 2006.
 

Temperate & subtropical ecosystems of East Asia.  Sept 2006.

Japan Alps National Park, Japan – Cool temperate mixed (deciduous broadleaf/evergreen conifer/deciduous conifer) montane forest
Iwatayama Monkey Park, Arashiyama, Japan – Temperate deciduous forest.  Trip Leader. 

Li River, Guilin, China – Karst ecosystems
Lantau Country Park, Hong Kong, China – Subtropical montane grassland & woodland

Tropical wet forest and dry ecosystems of SE & S Asia.  Sept-Oct 2006.

Cần Giờ Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam – Mangrove
Cát Tiên National Park, Vietnam – Tropical semi-evergreen forest.  Trip Leader. 

Photos © 2006 G Kittel, all rights reserved

Eastern Shan State, Burma/Myanmar – Tropical semi-evergreen forest.  Trip Leader. 

Photos © 2006 G Kittel, all rights reserved

Southern Daccan Plateau – Tropical dry scrub
Periyar Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India – Tropical semi-evergreen forest

Photos © 2006 G Kittel, all rights reserved

Subtropical deserts of Egypt.  Oct 2006.  Bus Leader. 

Eastern Desert (Adabiya), Western Desert (Luxor)
Nile Valley & Nubian Desert (Aswan & Abu Simbel)

Photo © 2006 G Kittel, all rights reserved

Mediterranean ecosystems of Turkey.  Oct- Nov 2006.

Termessos, Antalya, southern Turkey – High Maquis
Ballikaya Canyon, northern Turkey – Low Maquis. Trip Leader. 

Photos © 2006 G Kittel, all rights reserved

Mediterranean and adjacent ecosystems of Dalmatica, Croatia.   Nov 2006. Trip Leader. 

Dalmatican Coast – Low Maquis, Garique, Pinewoods, Submontane mixed (deciduous broadleaf/evergreen conifer) woodlands;  and
Krka National Park – Laurel (mixed broadleaf) Forest. 

Photos © 2006 G Kittel, all rights reserved

Mediterranean ecosystems of Andalucia, Spain.   Nov 2006.

Parque Natural Grazalema, Spain – Encinar (Evergreen Oakwoods), Bosque Mixto (Mixed Woods), Pinsapar (Spanish Fir Forest), montane grasslands
Parque Natural Los Alcornocales, Spain – Alcornocal (Cork Oakwoods)
Parque Natural La Breña y Marismas Barbate, Spain – Umbrella Pinewoods

Floridian subtropical ecosystems.  Dec 2006.

Corkscrew Marsh Aududon Sanctuary & Big Cypress National Preserve – Bald Cypress & Pond Cypress swamps, Wet Marsh, and Pine Flatwoods
Everglades National Park – Mangrove, and Marl Prairie Slough-Mixed (temperate-tropical) Hardwood Hammocks

Kluane National Park – Boreal montane forest and adjacent ecosystems

. COURSE INFO

Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) and adjacent environments, State of São Paulo

Pontal do Paranapanema, western SP – Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo & vicinity
Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ) projects:

Small population conservation – Black Lion Tamarin (Mico leão preto)

Corridor, green hug, and Landless Movement Settlements' reforestation 

Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA), eastern RJ – Conservation and restoration of Mata Atlântica forest and wetlands. 

Reserva Ecológica do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), DF

Parque Nacional da Chapadas dos Veadeiros, GO
Reserva do Vale da Lua, GO
RPPN da  Bacia do Ribeirão Cocal, GO 
   [RPPN = Reservas Particular do Patrimônio Natural (Natural Hertitage Private Reserves)]

Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Parte Alta), northwestern RJ
Horto Florestal / Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, southeastern SP

Reservas: Claro-Casa Pedra and Cachoeira Paraíso, Delfinópolis, MG
Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra.

MG 
 

wiki        

Norfolk Coast
Lake District National Park, England
Snowdonia National Park, Wales

Lead Instructor.  Columbia University and Punta Cana Biodiversity Laboratory, Puna Cana, Dominican Republic.  June-Aug 2012.

Punta Cana Marine Reserve & vicinity – Caribbean coral reef, Caribbean dry/semihumid coastal forest
Bahía de Samaná & vicinity (Miches) – Caribbean coral reef



 RIDGWAY'S HAWK, Punta Cana, DR
(c) 2012 TKittel

Bialowieza Forest National Park - European Old Growth Forest
Briebrza Marshes National Park - Fens
Vistula River Mouth and Baltic Shore, Rezerwat Przyrody (Nature Reserve) Ptasi Raj

POLAND'S BIALOWIEZA FOREST NP - EUROPEAN BISON

(c) 2012 T Kittel

Snowdonia National Park, Wales
Cotswolds Way, Cheltenham, England
Lincolnshire Wolds, England

COURSE INFO

Channel-billed (Ariel) Toucan
Serra do Mar State Park, São Paulo State
(c) 2013 T Kittel

Las Joyas Biological Station, Manantlán Biosphere Reserve -
Tropical Evergreen and Cloud Forests
Chamela Field Station - Tropical Deciduous Forest

Cotswolds Way, Bath, England.  Oct 2014.
Dartmoor National Park, Devon, England.  Oct 2014.
Northumberland Coast, England.  Oct 2015.

Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (incl. Parte Alta), northwestern RJ
Vale do Matutu, Minas Gerais (MG)

Drakes Passage
Western Antarctic Peninsula (Graham Land) - British, Argentine, & Chilean Antarctic Territories:

• Crystal Sound (to 67°S)
• Graham Coast, Palmer Archipelago
• South Shetland Is. (incl. Elephant I.)

Scotia Sea
South Georgia I.
Falkland Is./Islas Malvinas

Tierra del Fuego NP, Province of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Laguna Nimez Reserve, Lago Argentino, El Calafate, Argentina
Los Glaciares NP, Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina - El Chaltén (Monte Fitz Roy & Cerro Torre) and Glaciar Perito Moreno areas
Torres del Paine NP, Magallanes, Chile

COURSE INFO

• Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, SP, Brazil
  
• Iguaçu National Park, Brazil
• Iguazu Falls National Park, Argentina
  

PR 

June-July 2018. COURSE INFO

• Pau Brasil National Park
• Monte Pascal National Park
  
• Veracel Station Reserve, Porto Seguro
• CETAS Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Porto Seguro

• SW Iceland
• Western Greenland
• Baffin Bay
• Baffin, Devon, & Ellesmere Is., Nunavut, Canada
• Nares Strait (to 78° 59' N)
  

COURSE INFO

• Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, SP, Brazil
  
• Iguaçu National Park, Brazil
• Iguazu Falls National Park, Argentina

• SE Alaska:
  
• Perseverance National Recreation Trail, Juneau
  
• Mendenhall Glacier, Tongass National Forest
• Tatshenshini River:  Yukon Territory, British Columbia, & Alaska
  

• Nausori Highlands, Viti Levu I.
  
• Yasawa Islands - uplands & fringe coral reefs